%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 2 /Kids [ 2 0 R 113 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFcc366f29 74 0 R /QuickPDFFf302a9b7 112 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 115 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20160523123347+02'00') /ModDate (D:20160523123349+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 2955 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFFf302a9b7 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 109.5968 770.8329 Tm (How a Cadastre Might Look Like in Finland in the Year 2035?)Tj ET /QuickPDFFf302a9b7 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 229.4873 731.3912 Tm (Markku Markkula \(Finland\))Tj ET /QuickPDFFf302a9b7 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 689.6683 Tm 15.996 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFcc366f29 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 689.6683 Tm 15.768 TL (Digital cadastre; Land management; Reference frames)' ET /QuickPDFFf302a9b7 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 661.3218 Tm 15.996 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFcc366f29 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (How a Cadastre Might Look Like in Finland in the Year 2035? \(8188\))' (Markku Markkula \(Finland\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2016)' (Recovery from Disaster)' (Christchurch, New Zealand, May 26, 2016)' ET /QuickPDFFcc366f29 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.9753 Tm 15.768 TL (Abstract)' ()' (The Finnish land administration system is maintained by the National Land Survey \(NLS\), which is)' (a state authority, and also by 75 towns. The central part of the land administration system is the)' (Land Information System \(LIS\) which has consisted of the Land Register and the cadastre since)' (2010. Both land register and cadastre belong to the key registers in Finland besides the population)' (information system \(PIS\).)' ()' (A totally digitised process has been gradually introduced in cadastre maintenance from 1998)' (onwards. Electronic archiving has also been launched. Cadastral land surveying work is done in)' (processes. For example, parcellings are carried out in the basic land survey process and)' (expropriations are carried out in the process of valuations, where values of real estate units have to)' (be estimated and decided. The future three dimensional cadaster is probably maintained also by)' (laser scanning. The border monuments can be replaced with coordinates.)' ()' (In traditional surveying coordinates are based on a reference system which is realized by fixed)' (benchmarks on the ground. Coordinates of new points are measured relative to the fixed)' (benchmarks, thus giving them automatically in the same coordinate reference system. Typical)' (surveying accuracy with current GNSS is better than 10 cm. New GNSS satellites and signals will)' (allow us to develop novel techniques for precise positioning. Precise positioning without reference)' (stations is one of the emerging techniques which is already available for research but which will be)' (available for production in a few years. This will produce coordinates directly in the reference)' (system of GNSS satellites. This will also raise an issue on the relation between the physical border)' (marker and its coordinate value. Which one will be the entity which actually defines the place of the)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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