%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 2 /Kids [ 2 0 R 114 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFb3657d6a 76 0 R /QuickPDFF43716f57 113 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 116 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20190516162309+02'00') /ModDate (D:20190516162311+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3185 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF43716f57 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 66.4208 770.8329 Tm (Improving Construction Cost Prediction Through Standards and Technology)Tj ET /QuickPDFF43716f57 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 160.3083 731.3912 Tm (Alan Muse \(United Kingdom\) and Mercy Iyorter \(Nigeria\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF43716f57 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 689.3613 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFb3657d6a 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 689.3613 Tm 14.454 TL (Cost management; Education; Professional practice; Quantity surveying; Standards)' ET /QuickPDFF43716f57 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 661.0148 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFb3657d6a 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Improving Construction Cost Prediction Through Standards and Technology \(9786\))' (Alan Muse \(United Kingdom\) and Mercy Iyorter \(Nigeria\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2019)' (Geospatial information for a smarter life and environmental resilience)' (Hanoi, Vietnam, April 2226, 2019)' ET /QuickPDFFb3657d6a 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.6683 Tm 14.454 TL (According to the Construction Intelligence Centre, $2 trillion of construction work is required to satisfy the)' (global demand arising from urbanisation and infrastructure from 2018 to 2022. To deliver smarter living and)' (environmental resilience, while meeting this demand, governments and investors face difficult economic)' (decisions. Attracting the required private sector investment requires greater certainty, accuracy and)' (transparency in cost prediction. How can emerging digital construction technologies, such as BIM, artificial)' (intelligence and blockchain, work with professional international standards like International Construction)' (Measurement Standards \(ICMS\) to improve the cost prediction of global construction and infrastructure)' (projects?)' ()' (ICMS \(www.icms-coalition.org\) was developed collaboratively, by worldwide construction professional)' (bodies, to provide high-level cost reporting standards. It enables consistent and comparable reporting of costs)' (across markets and within markets and is designed to link to local, more detailed standards, where relevant.)' (ICMS was launched in July 2017 and is already in use by investors, end users and professionals around the)' (world: a second edition will be launched in 2019 to cover life cycle costs in addition to capital costs.)' ()' (At the same time, digital technologies are emerging quickly in construction. BIM not only allows design to)' (be undertaken more efficiently and effectively, but allows the interaction of design and cost, time and)' (operational data. Thus, global professional work standards allow common rules for the collection of data in a)' (BIM environment. )' ()' (Improved cost prediction hinges not only on the amount of data available, but the pooling of data around)' (similar projects \(Skitmore et al, 2006\). Similar projects may be classified, at early design stages, by type,)' (floor area and basic attributes. ICMS allows this high-level comparison of data )' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
c%d:WMQ&1֎PP/3k v'[-A:;NcC瑊Sd3G.#Oss
endstream
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Length 416
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
x-Ir%1Du
.`B[gBd>LY%_mmCKm3:-f%vkt.4u|K>O<ފ랚熟vh]p.DzLh2I]xS:82j[bJbL?3