%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF02fb18f5 71 0 R /QuickPDFFd6f3ab52 114 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 115 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20220919115958+02'00') /ModDate (D:20220919115958+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3323 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFFd6f3ab52 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 61.7868 770.8329 Tm (Comparative Analysis of Geodetic Distance Computational Methods, Using the)Tj 1 0 0 1 194.0028 752.1709 Tm (Normal Probability Statistical Plot)Tj ET /QuickPDFFd6f3ab52 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 21.9778 717.2179 Tm (Olusola Omogunloye, Oluwapelumi Agunwa, Olufemi Olunlade, Oludayo Abiodun and Babatunde Ojegbile \(Nigeria\))Tj ET /QuickPDFFd6f3ab52 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 675.188 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF02fb18f5 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 675.188 Tm 14.454 TL (Cadastre; Deformation measurement; Engineering survey; Geoinformation/GI;)' (GNSS/GPS; Positioning; Reference frames; Standards; Keywords: Bowring; Power)' (Series; Puissant; Geodetic; P-Values; Short; Medium; Long; Lines;)' (Accuracy.Keyword 1; Keyword 2; Keyword 3)' ET /QuickPDFFd6f3ab52 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 604.3219 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF02fb18f5 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 575.9754 Tm 14.454 TL (Abstract )' ()' (There are various methods that can be used by Geodesist in carrying out computation of geodetic distance)' (using geodetic coordinates \(latitude and longitude\) on the ellipsoid. Some of these methods require iterations)' (while others need no iterations. Iterative methods are complex while non iterative are simple and faster in)' (performing computations. The research looks into three different geodetic computation methods which are:)' (Bowring, Power series and Puissant. The geodetic coordinates were plotted and triangulation networks were)' (formed. The adjoining distances sections were divided into three categories namely; short, medium and long)' (baselines. The validity of each method with regards to the distances was used in the comparisons. One way)' (analysis of variance \(ANOVA\) was performed on each method with respect to the baselines. The p values)' (of each of the methods were plotted on the normal probability graph for a comparative analyses. Based on)' (the findings described in this research, conclusion was made on an appropriate method that is best for a)' (particular baselines computation. The three methods of geodetic computation considered in this research)' (work were actually good for computation of distances but each of the method was valid for a particular range)' (of baselines. Bowring method is best used for long baselines computation. The accuracy of Bowring method)' (becomes better as the baselines increases. Power series method is best used for short and long distances.)' (Puissant method was valid for both short and medium baselines. )' ()' (Keywords: Bowring; Power Series; Puissant; Geodetic; P-Values; Short; Medium; Long; Lines; Accuracy.)' ET /QuickPDFF02fb18f5 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 163.8497 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Comparative Analysis of Geodetic Distance Computational Methods, Using the Normal Probability Statistical Plot)' (\(11544\))' (Olusola Omogunloye, Oluwapelumi Agunwa, Olufemi Olunlade, Oludayo Abiodun and Babatunde Ojegbile \(Nigeria\))' ()' (FIG Congress 2022)' (Volunteering for the future - Geospatial excellence for a better living)' (Warsaw, Poland, 1115 September 2022)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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