Application of Augmented Reality for Mapping and Evaluating Encroachments on Bulk Water Pipeline Systems (13713) |
| Nhlaluko Shimambani and Alex George Thopil (South Africa) |
Mr Nhlaluko Shimambani
Land Surveyor
University of Pretoria
Rand Water
Johannesburg
South Africa
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| Corresponding author Mr Nhlaluko Shimambani (email: nshimamb[at]randwater.co.za, tel.: 0116820616) |
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| [ abstract ] [ paper ] [ handouts ] |
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Published on the web n/a
Received 2025-09-16 / Accepted n/a |
| This paper is one of selection of papers published for the FIG Congress 2026 in Cape Town, South Africa in Cape Town, South Africa and has undergone the FIG Peer Review Process. |
FIG Congress 2026 in Cape Town, South Africa
ISBN n/a ISSN 2308-3441
URL n/a
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Abstract |
| This study focuses on identifying and evaluating encroachments of bulk water pipelines and servitude areas using Augmented Reality (AR). The study's objectives were to use existing pipeline, servitude, and encroachment data for AR Visualization, quantify the impact of encroachments, and compare AR-Based Site Surveys with traditional survey methods. The pipelines investigated include the L06, J10&J08, S01/S04, and K05, which are located in the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality region with a high number of reported encroachments. Existing data for pipeline affected, servitudes, and encroachment reports was acquired in shapefile format and loaded on ArcGIS for visualization and processing. 3D pipeline models were created using attribute data for existing pipelines, including description, horizontal and vertical alignment, pipeline diameter, and ground elevations.
Encroachments within 0-2m distance have higher Encroachment Severity Index (ESI) values due to potential infrastructure damage, maintenance restrictions, and pipeline burst catastrophes. AR and GNSS survey data showed close proximity between positions. VGIS AR application is suitable for mapping and analysing encroachments due to lower RMSE values below 5cm. The information generated from the AR field reports can be used to justify legal actions and as evidence in court.
The AR models can be used to create awareness about the existence of the bulk water pipelines and servitude areas within communities, and highlight the risks associated with encroachments. This study paves the way for AR mapping to be integrated into the University curriculum and as part of the tools that can be used for mapping and investigating encroachments.
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| Keywords: GNSS/GPS; Positioning; Cadastre; Land management; Augmented Reality (AR); Encroachments; Bulk Water Pipelines; Servitude Area; 3D Pipeline Models |
